Rot bilong wok bilong ol bateri bilong putim pawa
Wanpelabateri bilong putim pawaem i wanpela masin we i save senisim na bungim pawa namel long lektrik pawa na kemikel pawa. Long taim bilong discharge, kemikel eneji i save senis stret i go long lektrikel eneji; taim ol i sasim, lektrik pawa i save senis i go bek long kemikel pawa bilong putim. Ol positif na negatif elektrod insait long bateri em ol i wokim long ol narapela narapela samting. Taim ol i putim wankain 'electrolyte', tupela 'electrode' bai kamapim ol 'electrode potentials' bilong ol yet, olsem ABCD bruk lain i soim long Piksa 1-4 (speis namel long 'dashed line' na ol 'electrode' i makim 'electric double layer' we i kamap). Difrens long 'equilibrium electrode potential' namel long ol 'positive' na 'negative electrode' i kamapim 'electromotive force' (EMF) E bilong bateri.
Piksa 14 Skematik piksa bilong wok bilong eneji stoa bateri
Taim ol positif na negatif elektrod i konektim long wanpela ekstenel lod, positif elektrod materiel i kisim ol elektron na i go insait long wanpela ridaksen riaksen, na kamapim katodik polarisasen, na dispela i daunim positif elektrod potensial; samting bilong 'negative electrode' i save lusim ol 'electron' na i save go insait long wanpela 'oxidation reaction', na dispela i save kamapim 'anodic polarisation', na dispela i save apim 'negative electrode potential'. Long ekstenel seket, ol 'electron' i save ron long 'negative electrode' i go long 'positive electrode', olsem na 'current direction' i save ron long 'positive electrode' i go long 'negative electrode'. Insait long 'electrolyte', 'charge transfer' i save kamap long rot bilong 'ion movement', olsem na 'current direction' insait long 'internal circuit' i save kam long 'negative electrode' i go long 'positive electrode'. Long taim bilong 'discharge', 'battery potential distribution' i stap long ol brukpela lain A'B'C'D' long Piksa 1-4. Olgeta proses i kamapim wanpela 'closed loop', na i larim ol 'oxidation' na 'reduction' riaksen long ol 'electrodes' i go het oltaim, na dispela i mekim na i gat wanpela 'continuous current flow' insait long 'closed loop'. Taim bateri i wok, ol 'electrochemical' riaksen we i save kamapim pawa long ol 'electrode' ol i kolim 'flow-generating reactions', na ol samting we i save insait long ol dispela riaksen ol i kolim 'active materials'.
Pasin bilong sasim bateri em i narapela kain long pasin bilong rausim bateri. Taim ol i sasim, 'oxidation' i save kamap long 'positive electrode', na 'reduction' i save kamap long 'negative electrode'; long wankain taim, 'migration direction' bilong ol 'ions' insait long 'electrolyte' i no wankain olsem long taim bilong 'discharge', na wanpela 'external power source' we i winim 'open-circuit voltage' bilong bateri em i mas i stap bilong kirapim dispela kemikel konvesen proses, olsem ol brukpela lain A"B"C"D" i soim long Piksa 1-4.
Long helpim wok bilong senisim kemikel eneji i go long lektrikel eneji, 'redox' proses we i save kamap insait long wanpela 'energy storage battery' i narakain tru long ol 'conventional redox' riaksen. Insait long wanpela bateri, ol wok bilong lusim ol 'electron' (oksidesen) na kisim ol 'electron' (ridaksen) i mas bruk i go long ol narapela narapela hap. Na tu, ol 'electron' i mas ron long wanpela 'external circuit' taim ol 'active components' i insait long 'reaction'. Dispela tupela bikpela samting i makim 'redox mechanism' insait long bateri na ol nomol kemikel 'redox' riaksen na ol 'micro-sel riaksen insait long ol 'electrochemical corrosion phenomena'.
Samting bilong ol bateri bilong putim pawa
Wanpela besik eneji stoa bateri i mas gat foapela bikpela samting: ol 'electrodes', 'electrolyte', 'separator', na 'battery kesing'.
elektrod
Ol 'electrodes', olsem ol bikpela samting bilong bateri, ol i save brukim i go long ol 'positive' na 'negative' 'electrodes', we planti bilong ol i gat ol samting i wok na wanpela 'conductive framework'. Namel long ol, ol samting we i wok i save kamapim pawa long rot bilong ol kemikel riaksen taim bateri i lus, na ol i nambawan samting we i save makim wok bilong bateri. Ol samting we i wok i save stap strong, tasol ol i ken stap olsem wara o ges tu.
Ol samting we i wok i gat bikpela strong long wok bilong bateri, na long dispela as ol i gat ol dispela samting: 1 Ol samting we i gat gutpela 'electrode' i mas gat bikpela 'potential', na 'negative electrode' samting i mas gat liklik 'potential', long mekim bateri i ken kamapim bikpela 'electromotive force'; Ol samting i wok i mas gat gutpela 'electrochemical reactivity', olsem, ol i mas isi long insait long ol 'redox' proses; Ol 'active components' i mas gat bikpela 'specific capacity' long hevi na volium; Ol samting we i wok i mas i gat gutpela kemikel stebiliti insait long ol 'electrolyte' solusen, na 'self-dissolution rate i mas stap daunbilo tru; Ol samting we i wok i mas gat bikpela 'electronic conductivity'; Long lukluk bilong ekonomiks na sastenebel divelopmen, ol gutpela samting bilong wok i mas ol risos we i planti na i no gat bikpela pe long en; Ol samting we i wok i no ken bagarapim helt bilong ol manmeri na envairomen.
Long inapim olgeta standet antap long wanpela spesifik ektiv materiel em i hat tru; olsem na, yu mas tingim gut taim yu makim wanpela samting we i wok. Nau yet, ol samting we planti manmeri i save yusim long 'cathode' em ol 'metal oxides', olsem 'lead dioxide', 'manganese dioxide', na 'nickel oxide', na tu oksijen i kam long win. Long ol samting bilong 'anode', ol i laikim ol kain kain metal we i save wok wantaim ol kemikel, olsem 'zinc', 'lead', 'cadmium', 'iron', 'lithium', na 'sodium'.
Wok bilong 'conductive framework' em long konektim ol 'active material' i go long 'external circuit' na mekim gutpela 'current distribution'. Em i sapotim tu ol samting we i wok. Wanpela gutpela konduktiv fremwok i mas gat gutpela strong bilong masin, bikpela kemikel stebiliti, liklik resistiviti, na gutpela prosesebiliti.
ol 'electrolytes'
Namba wan wok bilong 'electrolyte' em long mekim gutpela 'ion conduction' namel long ol 'positive' na 'negative' 'electrodes', na mekim wok bilong 'ion transport'. Long sampela taim, em i ken insait tu long ol 'electrochemical' riaksen. Long sait bilong 'electrolyte' we ol i yusim insait long wanpela bateri, wok bilong en i mas inapim ol dispela samting: 1 Em i mas gat gutpela kemikel stebiliti long stopim ol bikpela 'electrochemical reactions' long 'interface' namel long 'electrolyte' na 'active material' taim ol i putim, na dispela i ken daunim 'self-discharge bilong bateri; Em i mas gat bikpela 'electrical conductivity'. Ol 'electrolyte' komposesen i save senis namel long ol kain kain bateri, na planti taim, ol i save makim ol 'aqueous solutions' bilong ol 'acid', 'alkali', o 'salt' we i gat gutpela 'conductivity' olsem 'electrolyte'. Tasol, sampela nupela pawa teknoloji i ken yusim ol nupela samting olsem 'organic solvent electrolytes', 'molten salt electrolytes', o 'solid electrolytes'.
stap wanpis
Wanpela 'separator', ol i save kolim tu olsem 'membrane' o 'partition', em ol i save putim namel long ol 'positive' na 'negative electrode' bilong wanpela bateri. Bikpela wok bilong en em long stopim ol 'electrode' long pas stret, na dispela inap long kamapim sotpela seket. Ol bikpela samting bilong mekim wok bilong ol 'separator' em: 1 i mas i gat gutpela 'electronic insulator' bilong stopim ol sot seket insait long en; i gat liklik resistens long 'ion migration' insait long 'electrolyte', na dispela i daunim intanel resistens bilong olgeta divais na daunim tru eneji lus aninit long bikpela-karent discharge kondisen; i gat gutpela kemikel stebiliti, i sanap strong long 'electrolyte corrosion' na ol 'redox reactions' bilong ol 'electrode active materials'; i gat inap strong bilong masin na strong bilong pasim 'dendrite' long gro na stopim ol liklik samting long go insait long 'membrane';⑤Taim yumi tingim ol samting bilong mani, em i mas stap isi na i no gat bikpela pe.
Ol samting we ol i save yusim long separetim ol samting em koten pepa, pulp pepa, ol liklik hul plastik, liklik hul raba, haidret selulos, nailon laplap, na glas faiba, na ol narapela samting.
Bateri kesing
Bateri kesing, ol i save kolim tu olsem bateri kontena, em i wanpela kain bateri tasol insait long ol eneji stoa bateri we 'zinc electrode' tu i save wok olsem kesing. Tasol, ol narapela kain bateri i save yusim ol spesifik samting bilong enkapsulesen ausait na i no yusim samting yet. Wanpela gutpela bateri kesing i mas gat gutpela mekanikel samting, sanap strong long guria na seksek, stap gut aninit long bikpela hat, na sakim korosen long 'electrolyte'. Long praktis, ol samting olsem ol metal, plastik, na strongpela raba ol i save yusim planti taim olsem ol bateri kesing bikos long ol gutpela samting bilong ol.