Teknoloji bilong putim hat

Eneji bilong hat, olsem wanpela bikpela samting bilong kisim pawa we ol manmeri i save yusim, em i stap insait long tripela lain bihainim ol wok bilong en: 'sensible thermal storage', 'latent thermal' (phase change) 'thermal storage', na 'thermochemical thermal storage'. Em i save kisim 40% i go inap 50% bilong laspela eneji konsumsen, na ol wok bilong en i bikpela tru. Insait long sistem bilong kamapim na yusim eneji nau, klostu olgeta wok bilong senisim eneji i save yusim 'thermal energy'. Tasol, bikos long lus bilong eneji long taim bilong senisim eneji, ol i no save yusim 'thermal storage' teknoloji stret long 'electrical energy storage' (olsem, ol situesen we tupela input na autput em i lektrik eneji). Tasol, planti taim ol i save yusim olsem wanpela 'link' insait long 'energy conversion chain' o ol i save yusim tasol long ol 'thermal system'.

Gutpela hat stoa

Sensible heat storage technology em i wanpela rot bilong putim na lusim hat long rot bilong yusim ol senis long tempereja bilong wanpela samting. Wok bilong en i isi tru: ol i save holim o rilisim hat long rot bilong hatim o kolim ol samting. Long dispela proses, 'medium' i no save go insait long kemikel senis o 'phase change', na dispela i mekim na olgeta sistem i isi long bosim na wok gut. Na tu, i gat planti kain kain samting bilong holim hat we i stap long liklik pe, na dispela i mekim ol i gutpela long ol bikpela wok. Dispela teknoloji i no bikpela tumas tasol em i soim tu olsem em i gat bikpela sans long yusim long planti kain wok. Tasol, gutpela 'heat storage' i save bungim sampela salens tu, olsem liklik eneji densiti, bikpela sais bilong ol ikwipmen, bikpela 'heat loss' long taim bilong putim longpela taim, na 'output temperature' i no stap gut. Ol 'sensible heat storage media' i ken bruk i go long tupela lain: wara na strongpela samting. Ol samting bilong holim hat bilong wara em wara, 'thermal oil', sol we i melt, na wara ain. Namel long ol dispela, wara, bikos em i gutpela sefti na stebiliti, na tu, hat bilong en i no save winim 100 digri, ol i save yusim planti long ol sola wara hiting sistem na spes hiting. Ol 'thermal oil', wantaim gutpela 'thermal conductivity' na bikpela 'operating temperature range', ol i bin yusim long ol 'medium-' na 'high-' 'thermal energy storage' aplikesen; tasol, bikpela pe bilong ol, paia, na ol bikpela presa insait long ol 'closed-loop' sistem i mekim na ol i senisim isi isi wantaim ol narapela gutpela opsen. Tasol, ol sol we i melt, wantaim liklik 'saturated vapor pressure' bilong en, liklik 'viscosity', bikpela 'thermal conductivity', 'non-flammability', na 'non-toxicity', i save wok gut long ol tempereja we i wankain olsem ol 'mainstream steam parameters' na i no gat bikpela pe, na dispela i mekim ol i tingim olsem em i gutpela samting bilong yusim long ol narapela 'solar conversion moletric conversion'. Tasol, long taim bilong bikpela hat tru, ol sol we i melt inap long bagarapim ol paiplain na ol ikwipmen, na dispela i mekim na ol i mas mekim moa wok painimaut na stretim gut pasin bilong ol long wok gut wantaim 'stainless steel'. Ol 'liquid metals', bikos ol i gat bikpela 'thermal conductivity', ol i ting em i wanpela gutpela rot bilong putim hat; tasol, bikos ol i gat planti kemikel samting, ol i mas mekim sampela moa sefti meja long mekim sistem i wok gut, na bikpela pe bilong ol i mekim ol i stap yet long ol namba wan hap bilong wok painimaut.

Ol samting we ol i save yusim long putim ol strongpela 'thermal storage' em simen, ston, na ol brik we i no inap kukim paia. Taim yumi skelim wantaim ol samting bilong putim hat bilong wara, ol strongpela samting bilong putim hat inap long wok long bikpela hat na putim moa hat long wankain spes, na dispela i min olsem ol samting we ol i nidim i go daun na pe bilong en i go daun.

Laten hat (senis bilong hap) 'thermal storage'

Teknoloji bilong senisim 'thermal energy storage' i save dipen long 'latent heat' olsem nambawan rot bilong putim eneji. Dispela teknoloji i yusim pasin bilong kisim o rilisim bikpela hait hait long taim bilong senis long putim hat. Long dispela proses, tempereja bilong samting i stap wankain. Dispela 'thermal energy storage' teknoloji i gat ol bikpela gutpela samting olsem bikpela eneji densiti na liklik volium.

Pasin we ol samting i save senis long wanpela stet i go long narapela em ol i kolim 'phase transition'. Planti taim, dispela senis i save kamap aninit long 'isothermal' o klostu long-isothermal kondisen na i save kamap wantaim bikpela senis long eneji-em 'absorption' o rilis bilong bikpela hap hat. Dispela eneji em i 'latent heat' bilong 'phase transition'. Long wanem, 'latent heat' we i stap insait long 'phase transition' bilong planti samting em i bikpela moa long 'sensible heat'. Olsem, wara i gat wanpela spesifik hat kapasiti bilong samting olsem 4.2 kJ/kg· digri , na long taim bilong senis long wanpela strongpela samting i go long wanpela wara (ais i melt i go insait long wara), wara inap long kisim 355 kJ/kg bilong eneji olsem laten hat bilong senis bilong fez. Olsem na, long sait bilong eneji densiti, yusim 'latent heat' bilong 'phase transition' em i gutpela moa long ol rot we i dipen tasol long 'sensible heat'.

Ol senis bilong ol samting i gat 4-pela kain: strongpela-solid, strongpela-likwid, strongpela-ges, na likid-gas. Maski ol 'solid-gas' na 'liquid{6}}gas transisen i gat bikpela 'latent heat values', ol bikpela senis long volium long ol dispela taim i save mekim wok i hat moa, na dispela i save pasim wok bilong ol. Tasol, ol 'solid-solid 'phase transitions', we i save kamap taim wanpela strongpela samting i senis long wanpela 'crystalline state' i go long narapela, i save soim ol liklik senis long volium na liklik 'supercooling', tasol hat we i save kamap o kisim i save liklik moa long ol narapela 'phase transition' proses. Long ol 'solid-liquid phase transitions, samting i save senis long 'solid' i go long 'liquid' stet. Maski dispela proses i nidim wanpela spesifik kontena long holim wara, senis bilong volium i liklik tru long ol 'solid-ges' na 'liquid-gas 'phase transitions', na 'latent heat' we i stap insait long en i bikpela moa long ol 'solid-solid 'phase transitions'. Long lukluk long ol dispela pasin, ol 'solid-liquid phase transitions em i nambawan gutpela na planti manmeri i ken yusim 'phase change thermal storage' rot.

Nau yet, i gat planti kain samting ol i save yusim long 'phase change thermal storage' teknoloji, na ol i save brukim i go long tupela lain bihainim kemikel bilong ol: 'organic' na 'inorganic'. Ol samting bilong senisim 'organic phase' i gat ol samting olsem 'paraffin wax', 'alcohols', na 'fatty acids'; taim ol inorganik fes senis materiel i makim ol kristalin haidret sol, ol molten sol, na ol metal o ol aloi bilong ol. Long tok klia, ol 'organic phase change' samting i gutpela moa long putim 'thermal energy' insait long liklik na namel tempereja, tasol ol 'inorganic phase change' samting i save soim gutpela wok bilong putim 'thermal energy' aninit long namel na bikpela temperaja kondisen.

Thermochemical thermal storage

Teknoloji bilong putim 'thermochemical thermal energy' i gat bikpela 'energy density' long wan wan yunit volium, na i go inap long GJ/m3. Long skelim, eneji densiti bilong ol 'sensible heat storage materials' em inap olsem wanpela-tenth tasol, na bilong ol 'latent heat storage materials' em i hap tasol. Na tu, long rot bilong separetim ol 'reactants', dispela teknoloji inap long kamapim 'zero-loss 'thermal energy storage' long rum tempereja, olsem na planti manmeri i ting em i wanpela gutpela teknoloji bilong bikpela na longpela taim 'thermal energy storage'. Long lukluk long ol narapela narapela senis long ol kemikel bon we i stap insait long proses bilong putim eneji, ol i ken brukim 'thermochemical thermal energy storage' i go long tupela bikpela kategori: 'chemisorption thermal energy storage' na 'chemical reaction thermal energy storage'.

Chemisorption thermal storage em i gutpela tru long yusim long ol ples we i no hat tumas. Em i dipen long kamapim na brukim ol fisikel o kemikel intamolekula fos (olsem van der Waals fos, elektrostatik fos, na haidrojen bon) namel long ol strongpela adsorbent na ol ges adsorbet long kisim hat stoa na rilis. Dispela teknoloji i gat tupela kain sistem: wanpela em i wanpela 'hydrated salt system' we i yusim wara steam olsem 'adsorbate'; narapela em i wanpela 'ammonia complex system' we i yusim ol 'ammonia molecules' olsem 'adsorbate'. Tebol 1-2 i soim ol spesifik kain, hat stoa/rilis tempereja, na eneji stoa densiti bilong sampela ol i save yusim planti taim ol kemisorpsen thermal stoa materiel.

Tebol 1-2 Ol samting bilong ol samting we ol i save yusim planti taim:

Ol i save yusim kemikel riaksen 'thermal energy storage' aninit long namel- na bikpela-temperature kondisen, na ol sistem bilong en i gat kain kain, olsem 'methane reforming', 'ammonia synthesis' na 'decomposition', 'metal hydrides', 'carbonates', 'metal oxides', na 'metal hydroxides'. Ol dispela rot i save mekim wok bilong bungim na rilisim 'thermal energy' long rot bilong brukim na bungim gen ol kemikel bon. Dispela kain 'energy storage' i gat bikpela 'reaction values', bikpela 'energy density', na bikpela 'operating temperature range'. Tasol, long ol wok we ol i ken mekim, ol salens i stap yet, olsem kontrolim kos, korosen bilong ol samting, na putim ges. Olsem na, em i bikpela samting long mekim gutpela wok painimaut long ol 'reaction mechanisms' na stretim 'process flow' bilong mekim wok i kamap gutpela moa.

Ol 'thermochemical thermal energy storage systems' i gat ol kompleks straksa na planti ol 'auxiliary devices', na dispela i save kamapim bikpela mani long kirapim invesmen. Nau yet, ol i no yusim gut yet 'extra-high energy density bilong ol long wan wan yunit volium. Na tu, bikos long ol hevi bilong ol kemikel riaksen mekanisme, stretpela kontrol bilong ol riaksen reit em i hat, na sampela riaksen proses i gat strongpela sefti rikwaemen, na dispela i mekim wok bilong sistem i kamap gutpela moa. Olsem na, ol i mas mekim moa wok painimaut long 'thermochemical thermal energy storage technology' bilong stretim ol dispela hevi.