A lithium-ion bateriem i wanpela bateri we yu ken sasim gen na i yusim tupela samting we inap long putim na rausim ol 'lithium ions' olsem ol 'positive' na 'negative electrode', wanwan. Taim ol i sasim, ol 'lithium atoms' insait long 'positive electrode' i save kamap 'lithium ions' na 'free electrons'.
Ol dispela 'lithium ions' i save go long 'negative electrode' na bung wantaim ol fri 'electrons' na kamapim ol 'lithium atoms'. Long narapela sait, long taim bilong 'discharge', ol 'lithium atoms' long 'negative electrode' i save kamap 'lithium ions' na 'free electrons', na bihain ol i bung gen long 'positive electrode' na kamapim ol 'lithium atoms' gen. Olsem na, long olgeta taim bilong 'charge-discharge cycle, 'lithium' i save stap oltaim long 'ionic' fom na i no save stap long 'metallic lithium' fom, na dispela i as na ol i kolim dispela kain bateri olsem 'lithium-ion bateri. Long ol narapela narapela disain, ol 'lithium-ion' bateri we planti manmeri i save yusim long maket em ol 'pouch cells', 'cylindrical cells', na 'button cells'. Positif elektrod materiel bilong ol 'lithium-ion' bateri em i save kamap olsem wanpela 'lithium-rich compound, olsem LiCoO2, LiFePO4, LiNiO, na LiMnzO2. Ol samting bilong 'negative electrode' bilong ol 'lithium-ion' bateri em i save kamap long 'graphite'. Long sait bilong 'electrolyte', ol i save yusim ol 'solutions' bilong ol 'lithium salts' (olsem LiPF6, LiASF6, na LiCIO4) we i stap insait long ol 'organic solvents'. Ol dispela 'organic solvents' em inap long 'ethylene carbonate' (EC) o 'diethyl carbonate' (DEC), na ol narapela samting. Taim bateri i stap long 'charge-discharge cycle, ol 'lithium ions' i save go i kam namel long ol 'positive' na 'negative electrode'. Dispela proses em i wanpela "rocking chair battery," olsem piksa i soim aninit.
Sapos yumi kisim ol 'lithium-ion' bateri wantaim 'lithium cobalt oxide' (LiCoO2) olsem 'positive electrode' na 'graphite' olsem 'negative electrode' olsem wanpela eksampel, 'electrochemical expression' bilong en em: (-)CI LiPF(EC+ DEC) / LiCoO2(+).
Gutpela 'electrode reaction':
Negative electrode reaction:5.2
Olgeta samting i kamap:5.3
Long as bilong en, yumi ken tingim wanpela 'lithium-ion' bateri olsem wanpela masin we i wok bihainim ol narapela narapela 'lithium-ion' konsentresen. Taim ol i sasim, ol 'lithium ions' i save lusim 'positive electrode' samting, na i go insait long 'electrolyte', na i go insait long 'negative electrode' samting, na dispela i mekim 'negative electrode' i gat planti 'lithium- na 'positive electrode' i no gat planti 'lithium'. Long wankain taim, long lukautim 'charge balance' bilong olgeta sistem, ol i save givim ol 'electron' i go long 'carbon-' 'negative electrode' long rot bilong wanpela 'external circuit'. Long narapela sait, long taim bilong 'discharge', ol 'lithium ions' i save lusim 'negative electrode' na i go long 'positive electrode', na dispela i mekim na 'positive electrode' i kamap planti 'lithium-. Planti taim, long taim bilong nomol 'charge-discharge cycles, ol 'lithium ions' i save go insait na rausim namel long ol 'layered carbon materials' na 'oxides'. Dispela proses i save kamap pastaim olsem ol senis long spes namel long ol leia na i no save bagarapim besik kristal straksa bilong ol samting. Olsem na, long lukluk bilong 'reaction reversibility', ol senis bilong kemikel insait long wanpela 'lithium-ion bateri' em i wanpela gutpela 'reversibility' proses. Wanpela 'lithium-ion' bateri i gat 4-pela samting: ol 'electrodes', 'electrolyte', 'separator', na 'casing'. Ol 'electrodes' em ol bikpela samting bilong 'lithium-ion' bateri, we i gat ol samting i wok, ol 'conductive agent', ol 'binder', na ol 'current collector'. Ol samting we i wok (o ol samting bilong 'electrode') em ol samting bilong 'electrode' insait long ol 'lithium-ion' bateri we i save rilisim pawa long rot bilong ol 'electrochemical reactions' taim ol i sasim na rausim. Ol i save painimaut wok bilong ol 'electrochemical' na ol as tingting bilong ol 'lithium-ion' bateri. Ol samting we i wok em ol samting we i gat gutpela 'electrode' na ol 'negative electrode' samting. Ol samting bilong 'positive electrode' em ol 'powdered composite metal' kompaun we i gat bikpela strong (olsem ol 'lithium metal electrodes'), olsem LiCoO2, LiMnO4, LiNi1-x-Co:MnyO2, LiCo:Ni-O, na LiPO.
Ol samting bilong 'negative electrode' em ol samting bilong kabon, ol samting bilong 'alloy', na ol samting bilong 'metal oxide'. Nau yet, ol bikpela samting bilong 'positive' na 'negative electrode' bilong ol 'lithium-ion' bateri we ol i save yusim long ol 'portable devices' em LiCoO2 na 'graphite', wanwan. Na tu, ol i save putim ol 'conductive agents' (olsem 'acetylene black') long taim bilong wokim ol 'electrode' bilong helpim ol 'positive' na 'negative' 'electrode' materiel long inapim gut ol wok bilong ol 'lithium-ion' bateri. Long mekim gut olsem ol 'granular positive' na 'negative electrode materials' na ol 'conductive agents' i pas strong long 'current collector', ol i save putim wanpela 'binder'. Ol i save makim ol 'binder' olsem oil-bes na wara-bes. Ol 'binder' we i gat oil- i gat planti 'polyvinylidene fluoride' (PVDF) na 'polytetrafluoroethylene' (PTFE), na ol 'binder' we i gat wara i gat 'carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene-butadiene rubber (CMC/SBR). Bikpela wok bilong 'current collector' em long karim ol 'electrons' i kam long 'active material' na tilim 'current' wankain, na tu sapotim 'active material'. Ol 'current collector' i mas i gat bikpela strong bilong masin, gutpela kemikel stebiliti, na bikpela konduktiviti. Karent kolekta bilong positif elektrod em i aluminium foil, na karent kolekta bilong negatif elektrod em i kopa foil.
Wok bilong 'electrolyte' em long karim ol 'lithium ions' namel long ol 'positive' na 'negative' 'electrodes'. Taim ol i makim 'electrolyte' dispela i save makim wok bilong bateri na i save senisim strong bilong en, sefti pefomens, saikel pefomens, reit pefomens, low-temperature pefomens, na stoa pefomens. Nau yet, ol 'lithium-ion' bateri we ol i salim long stua i save yusim ol 'non-aqueous electrolyte systems', we i gat ol 'organic solvents' na 'conductive lithium salts'. Oganik solvent em i nambawan samting bilong 'electrolyte' na em i klostu long wok bilong en; em i wanpela miks bilong ol 'organic solvents' olsem 'ethylene carbonate', 'propylene carbonate', 'dimethyl carbonate', na 'methyl ethyl carbonate'. Dispela 'conductive lithium salt' i save givim ol 'lithium ions' we i save go namel long ol 'positive' na 'negative electrode' na em i gat ol 'inorganic' o 'organic' anion na 'lithium ions'. Nau yet, nambawan 'conductive lithium salt' we i stap long stua em LiPF6. Long nupela taim, long kamapim gutpela wok bilong ol 'lithium-ion' bateri na mekim sampela wok, ol i save putim ol 'functional additives', olsem ol 'flame retardants', long 'electrolyte'.
Insait long 'lithium-ion' bateri disain, 'separator' i stap namel long 'positive' na 'negative electrode', na bikpela wok bilong en em long pasim tupela 'electrode' long pas stret, na long dispela rot em i no inap kisim sot seket. Long wankain taim, narakain 'microporous' straksa bilong dispela samting i larim ol 'lithium ion' i ken ron fri. Dispela 'separator' i save mekim bikpela wok long 'storage capacity' bilong 'battery', 'cycle life', na sefti bilong en; olsem na, yusim wanpela hai-kwaliti sepereta inap long mekim wok bilong bateri i kamap gutpela moa. Nau yet, ol kain 'separator' we planti manmeri i save yusim long maket em ol 'high-strength films we ol i wokim long ol 'polyolefins', na tu ol 'porous' prodak we ol i wokim long 'polypropylene' na 'polyethylene', na tu ol prodak we ol i wokim long 'copolimerization' bilong 'propylene' na 'ethylene' o yusim 'polyethylene homopolymer' tasol. Taim ol i yusim ol 'non-aqueous solvents insait long ol 'lithium-ion bateri' dispela i save daunim 'lithium-ion conductivity', olsem na i nidim bikpela hap bilong 'electrode'. Na tu, yusim bilong wanpela 'spiral-wound structure long taim bilong bungim ol bateri i min olsem pefomens bilong bateri i no dipen tasol long ol 'electrodes' tasol tu long ol 'binder' we ol i yusim long wokim ol bateri. Ol dispela 'binder' i mas mekim ol 'active materials' i stap wankain na seif taim ol i wokim 'electrode', na ol i mas pasim gut ol 'active materials' long 'current collector', helpim long kamapim wanpela 'protective SEI' (solid-clectrolyte interphase) film long 'graphite anode', holim gutpela 'thermal stability' taim ol i draim, na ol i mas wet gut long 'electrolyte'.
Ausait bilong en em i kontena bilong wanpela 'lithium-ion' bateri. Ol 'casing' we ol i save yusim planti taim em ol 'steel' 'casing', 'aluminium' 'casing', na 'aluminium-plastic composite 'casing'. Planti taim, ol i mas putim 'casing' long sanap strong long ol senis long bikpela na liklik tempereja na korosen i kam long 'electrolyte'.