Ol 'conversion-type anode materials i gat ol metal oksait, fosfaid, salfaid, na naitraid. Insait long ol wok bilong 'electrochemical', ol dispela samting i save helpim wok bilong kamapim o bagarap bilongol litiam kompaunlong rot bilong 'reduction' o 'oxidation' riaksen bilong ol metal. Bikos ol i ken insait long ol 'multi-electron redox processes, ol 'anodes' we i kamap long ol dispela samting i soim ol 'reversible capacity' inap long 1000 mA·bg.
FeOₓ
Bikos ol i no gat bikpela pe, ol i no gat planti marasin nogut, ol i gat planti 'natural reserves', na ol i gat bikpela 'theoretical specific capacity', ol i bin stadim gut ol 'iron oxide materials' olsem ol 'anode materials' bilong wokim ol 'lithium-ion' bateri. Ol komon ain oksait kompaun em -Fe2O3, -Fe2O3, na Fe3O4. Ol dispela marasin i gat ol spesifik kapasiti bilong samting olsem 1007 mA·h/g na 926 mA·h/g, wanwan. Tasol, ain oksait i save bungim planti hevi taim ol i yusim long mekim wok. Ol 'slow kinetics' bilong 'electron/ion' trenspot na bikpela 'volume expansion/contraction' long taim bilong 'charge-discharge' proses i save kamapim hariap 'capacity decay' na 'rate performance' bilong ol 'iron oxide electrodes' i no gutpela tumas. Na tu, ol bikpela ain oksait samting i gat liklik 'electrical conductivity'. Long stretim ol dispela hevi, ol risetsa i bin adoptim ol strateji olsem 'morphology' na 'structure control', 'carbon coating', na wokim ol 'composite materials' wantaim ol 'highly conductive substrates'. Ol dispela rot i save kamapim ol gutpela samting long rot bilong bungim planti kain rot, na sampela wok i kamap.
CoOₓ
Ol 'cobalt oxides' (CoOₓ), olsem Co₃O₄ na CoO, ol i bin stadim tu olsem ol 'anode' samting bilong wokim ol 'lithium-ion' bateri bikos ol i gat bikpela 'theoretical specific capacity'. Olsem ol ain oksait, CoOₓ i save kisim wankain salens: bikpela senis long volium long taim bilong 'charge-discharge' proses, nogut 'intrinsic electrical conductivity', na 'slow reaction kinetics', na dispela i save kamapim hariap 'capacity decay' na 'cycling stability' i no gutpela. Guan na ol narapela. ol i wokim ol singel-feis eit-sait Co₃O₄ nanodisks we ol i yusim oksijen olsem riaksen prekursa. Ol dispela nanodisk i gat sais bilong ol liklik samting bilong 100-200 nm na ol i save givim wanpela 'reversible specific capacity' bilong samting olsem 474 mA·h/g taim ol i yusim long bikpela 'current density'. Dispela risal i soim olsem 'morphology' na sais bilong ol liklik hap samting i gat bikpela impak long 'electrochemical' pefomens bilong CoOₓ. Wang na ol narapela. redim ol Co₃O₄ nanoneedles we ol i groim stret long wanpela titanium sabstret yusim wanpela 'hydrothermal' rot. Ol dispela 'nanoneedles' i no soim gutpela 'electrical contact' wantaim 'current collector' tasol tu i 'buffer'im 'volume expansion'. Bihain long 30-pela saikel long 0.2C, ol i holim yet wanpela bikpela 'reversible capacity' bilong 1015 mA·h/g.
Long ol CoOₓ komposit sistem we i gat tupela o moa komponen, 'synergistic effect' namel long ol komponen inap long helpim moa yet wok bilong 'electrochemical'. Olsem, sapos yu bungim 'cobalt oxide' wantaim ol samting we i gat 'highly conductive carbon-' o ol narapela 'metal oxides' dispela inap long helpim tru wok bilong 'rate' na 'cycling stability'. Dispela i mekim na ol i lukluk moa long disain na divelopmen bilong ol 'composite systems' insait long dispela wok.
ZnO
Zinc oxide i bin pulim planti luksave tu olsem wanpela anode materiel bilong ol lithium-ion bateri bikos em i gat bikpela 'theoretical specific capacity', liklik pe, isi long redim, na i gat kain kain 'morphologies'. ZnO i save wok wantaim 'lithium' long rot bilong wanpela 'combined mechanism' bilong 'alloying' (kamapim Li-Zn 'alloy') na 'conversion' (kamapim Li2O). Spesifik kapasiti bilong en inap long kamap 978 mA·h/g, we i antap tru long ol 'graphite anodes'. Tasol, 'zinc oxide' i no gat gutpela 'electrical conductivity', bikpela 'volume expansion/contraction' long taim bilong 'charge-discharge' saikel, na i save kamapim planti 'inactive Li2O' long taim bilong 'cycling'. Ol dispela samting i save mekim na 'capacity decay' hariap, 'rate performance' i no gutpela, na sotpela 'cycle life' bilong ol ZnO electrodes. Long stretim ol dispela hevi, ol risetsa i bin adoptim ol strateji olsem 'morphology' na 'structure control', 'carbon coating', 'doping' wantaim ol 'heteroatoms', na wokim ol 'ZnO-based composites wantaim ol 'highly conductive substrates'. Ol dispela rot i save kamapim gutpela wok bilong putim 'lithium' long rot bilong bungim planti kain rot bilong senisim ol samting, na sampela 'metal zincate' kompaun tu i save soim gutpela wok bilong 'electrochemical'.
4. MPₓ
Ol 'metal phosphides' i bin pulim bikpela luksave tu long yusim ol 'anode materials' bilong ol 'lithium-ion' bateri long ol yia i go pinis. Ol dispela kompaun i save wok wantaim 'lithium' long rot bilong wanpela 'conversion mechanism' na planti taim ol i gat bikpela 'theoretical specific capacities' bikos long ol 'multi-electron transfer reactions long wanwan fomula yunit. Tasol, ol i save kisim bikpela hevi long taim bilong 'lithiation/delithiation', na dispela i save kamapim 'pulverization' na lus bilong 'electrical contact' namel long ol 'active particles' na 'current collector', na dispela i save pasim tru wok bilong ol.
Namel long ol, ain, kobalt, nikel, na kopa-bes fosfaid i bin kisim bikpela stadi long ol laspela yia. Sapos yumi kisim ol 'iron phosphides' olsem eksampel, ol 'theoretical specific capacities' bilong ol inap long kamap 500-1800 mA·h/g. Na tu, ol 'metal phosphides' i save soim bikpela 'lithium storage voltage' (planti taim 0.5-1 V egensim Li+/Li) winim ol 'metal oxides' na 'metal sulfides', na dispela i save helpim long daunim hevi bilong 'lithium dendrite' taim ol i sasim hariap. Na tu, ol 'metal phosphides' i save soim bikpela 'electrical conductivity' winim ol narapela 'metal oxides', na dispela i gutpela long helpim wok bilong ol long 'rate'. Olsem na, gutpela disain bilong ol metal fosfaid nanostraksa na ol komposit bilong ol wantaim ol samting we i gat kabon- i kamap olsem wanpela bikpela risets daireksen long dispela fil. Ol eksampel em Ni2P, NiP2, NiP3, Ni3P3, CoP, Co2P, CoP3, FeP, FeP2, Cu3P, na ol narapela. Olgeta dispela marasin i soim gutpela wok bilong putim 'lithium' insait long risets, na i soim olsem ol i ken yusim gut. Ni2P na Li-Ni-P ternary kompaun inap long kamapim ol 'ultrafast lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation riaksen bikos long ol narakain straksa na bikpela lektrikel konduktiviti.