Mining bilong eneji stoa sistem inap long senis?

Sotpela bekim em yes. Na longpela bekim tu em yes, tasol wantaim samting olsem 17-pela mak bilong sta i stap wantaim.

Sapos yu bin lusim sampela taim long ritim ol polisi pepa, ol yutiliti failing, o ol risets pepa long eneji stoa, ating yu bin luksave long wanpela samting i narakain: i luk olsem i no gat wanpela man i wanbel long wanem samting tru i makim olsem "sistem bilong putim pawa." Federal Energy Regulatory Commission i gat tingting bilong em yet. Dipatmen bilong Eneji i gat narapela. California i gat bilong em yet. Texas i no wari tumas long tingting bilong California. Na sampela hap insait long wanpela akademik jenol, i gat wanpela profesa i tok olsem olgeta i rong.

Dispela em i no 'semantic nitpicking' tasol. Hau yu makim wanpela eneji stoa sistem i makim husat i kwalifaim long kisim takis insentiv, wanem ol projek i kisim tok orait, wanem samting i kamap long ofisel statistik, na sapos kampani bilong yu i putim bateri i go insait long ol stet rinewabel potfolio standet. Planti milion dola i save senis long ol dispela mining.

lainim moa

Lukluk bilong reguletori

FERC Oda 841, we ol i bin givim aut long 2018, i opim rot long ol 'wholesale' maket long ol manmeri i ken insait long eneji stoa. Oda i tok olsem ol risos bilong putim lektrik em ol risos we inap long "kisim lektrik eneji long grid na putim i go bek long grid bihain." Em i isi tru. Tasol dispela mining i rausim sampela konfiguresen-olsem bihain long-mita stoa we i no save tatsim ol 'wholesale' maket-na i kamapim tupela tingting long ol 'hybrid' sistem.

IRS i save bihainim narapela rot olgeta. Long ol wok bilong Invesmen Takis Kredit, wanem samting i bikpela samting em sapos ol i sasim wanpela stoa divais (moa long 80%) long ol samting we i ken kamap gen. Teknoloji bilong bodi i no save go insait long toktok. Wanpela 'lithium-ion' bateri we ol i sasim long ol sola panel i save kisim narapela kain tritmen long wankain bateri we ol i sasim long grid, maski ol i wankain wok.

 

Stet-level bruk bruk

Pablik Yutiliti Komisin bilong California i yusim ol mak bilong kapasiti-. Ol wok bilong ol long baim eneji stoa, we ol i kamapim aninit long AB 2514, i makim ol minimam pawa kapasiti rikwaemen we ol yutiliti i mas inapim. Dispela mining i gat ol 'pumped hydro', 'compressed air', ol bateri, ol 'flywheels', na 'thermal storage'-tasol i gat kain kain tritmen i dipen long wanem hap sistem i konektim long grid.

Rot bilong New York em i lukluk long 'duration-. Mining bilong ol long 'bulk storage' i nidim ol sistem long givim tupela aua bilong 'continuous discharge' long 'rated capacity'. Dispela i no karamapim planti 'frequency regulation' aset we i save ron hariap tasol i no inap long holim autput.

Long wankain taim, Texas (long wanem, Texas i narapela kain) i no tok orait long putim ol samting. ERCOT i save tingim ol bateri olsem ol samting bilong kamapim ol samting wantaim sampela hevi bilong wok, na i no gat wanpela seperet definisen kategori.

Ol teknikel mining na ol wok

Em hia we em i save kamap nogut tru.

Ol enjinia i save tok klia long wanem samting em i stap: ol 'electrochemical battery' i save putim 'charge' long rot bilong ol kemikel riaksen, ol 'pumped hydro' i save putim 'gravitational potential energy', ol 'compressed air' sistem i save putim presa insait long ol hul aninit long graun, ol 'flywheels' i save putim 'rotational kinetic energy'. Dispela em ol mining bilong fisiks-. Simen. Yu ken skelim.

Ol grid opereta i save tingim moa long wanem samting stoa i save mekim. Em inap long go antap hariap? Em i save givim 'frequency regulation'? Em inap long holim autput bilong 'peak shaving'? Wanpela 100 MW bateri we i save pawa inap 15 minit i luk narapela kain long wanpela 100 MW bateri we i save pawa inap 4-pela aua, maski tupela i gat wankain pawa.

EIA i save bungim ol data long tupela rot-na ripotim 'nameplate power capacity' long 'megawatts' wantaim 'energy capacity' long 'megawatthours'. Dispela tupela ripot em i gutpela tru, long wanem, em i kisim as tingting namel long pawa-oriented na eneji-oriented mining. Tasol em i lusim sampela 'edge cases' we i no stret yet.

Askim bilong haidrojen

Em i haidrojen eneji stoa?

Long sait bilong teknikel, yes. Ol 'electrolyzer' i save yusim pawa long brukim wara i go long 'hydrogen' na 'oxygen'. Bihain ol i ken kukim dispela haidrojen o ran i go insait long wanpela 'fuel cell' bilong kamapim gen pawa. Eneji i kam insait, i stap, i go aut. Klasik stoa.

Tasol haidrojen i no save kamap planti taim wantaim ol bateri na pam haidro insait long ol reguletori fremwok. Raun-trip i no gutpela tumas-ating 30-40% taim yu skelim wantaim 85-90% bilong 'lithium-ion'. Ol samting bilong infrastraksa i narapela kain tru. Ol yus kes i save involvim trenspot o indastriel fidstok na i no grid sevis.

Bikpela salens bilong DOE long putim pawa i gat haidrojen. Ol lo bilong putim ol samting long California i no mekim olsem. Ol lo bilong maket bilong FERC i no klia tumas. Wankain teknoloji, narapela narapela mining, i dipen long husat yu askim.

Longpela taim olsem wanpela samting we i makim

Wanpela gutpela samting i bin kamap long 2020. Ol wok bilong putim ol samting i bin stat long stretim ol yet long ol kain kain taim:

 

 

01.Sotpela taim bilong putim

(aninit long 4-pela aua) i kamap wantaim ol grid sevis-frekwensi regulesen, spinning risev, kapasiti strongim. Ol dispela sistem i save raun planti taim, sampela taim planti taim long olgeta de.

02.Longpela taim bilong putim

(4+ aua, wantaim bikpela lukluk long 8-12+ aua sistem) i kamap wantaim 'load shifting' na 'renewable integration'. Long Duration Energy Storage Council i kamap olsem wanpela edvokesi ogenaisesen, we i tokim yu sampela samting long hau indastri i tingim ol dispela definisenel baundri.

Sampela risetsa nau i tok pait long namba tri kategori:sisenal stoa, inap long holim pawa inap long planti wik o mun. Tingim 'hydrogen' we i kamap long bikpela win bilong spring na ol i save yusim long taim bilong 'summer peak demand'. O ol bikpela 'thermal reservoir' aninit long graun. Dispela kategori i no stap yet long sait bilong bisnis, tasol ol i wok long tok pait pinis long ol mining bilong en.

Bilong wanem co-ples i save mekim olgeta samting i hat

Segmen bilong stoa maket we i wok long gro hariap tru em ol 'hybrid system-bateri we ol i yusim sola o win jeneresen. Na ol dispela i save kamapim ol het pen.

Sapos wanpela 100 MW sola plent i gat 50 MW bateri, em i olsem:

Wanpela sola plent wantaim stoa?

Wanpela 'storage plant' we i gat 'onsite charger'?

Wanpela haibrid fasiliti tasol?

Tupela seperet aset we i save serim intakoneksen?

Ansa em i bikpela samting long ol intakoneksen lain, takis tritmen, kapasiti akreditesen, na maket bid. Ol narapela narapela kantri i bin kamapim ol narapela narapela tingting.

FERC Oda 2023 i traim long kliarim 'hybrid' tritmen insait long ol wok bilong 'interconnection', tasol wok bilong en i save senis long ol 'regional transmission' ogenaisesen. Sampela RTO i nidim seperet intakoneksen rikwes bilong ol stoa komponen. Ol narapela i larim wanpela tritmen tasol. Not-is i wok long mekim narapela samting long Saut-wes.

Long pinis bilong 2023, klostu 70% bilong ol nupela bateri projek insait long US intakoneksen lain i bin wok wantaim sola jeneresen. Ol mak namel long "jeneresen" na "storage" i wok long kamap klia hariap, na ol reguletori fremwok i no inap long kisim gut.

Intanesenel divejens

Noken ting olsem ol mining bilong Amerika i ken wok long ol narapela hap.

Klin Eneji Pekej bilong Yuropian Yunion i tingim stoa olsem wanpela kain aset klas wantaim ol netwok kod na ol rul bilong en long kisim maket. Mining bilong ol i tok klia long ol pawa-long-gas teknoloji we ol fremwok bilong Amerika i save rausim.

Saina i putim eneji stoa aninit long ol bikpela "nupela infrastraksa" invesmen kategori, na em i bungim wantaim 5G netwok, data senta, na EV sasing. Dispela 'definitional framework' i helpim ol indastriel polisi gol na i no wok bilong maket disain o grid operesen.

Nesenel Elektrisiti Maket bilong Ostrelia i kamapim wanpela "bidireksenel yunit" kategori bilong ol samting bilong putim pawa, na i tok strong long tupela rot bilong pawa. Dispela 'framing' i narakain long ol rot bilong Amerika we planti taim i save stat long ol jeneresen-sentrik model.

Dispela i no ol samting bilong gavman tasol. Ol i save stiaim wanem ol teknoloji i kisim invesmen, hau ol intanesenel kampani i save stretim ol projek bilong ol narapela kantri, na sapos ol statistikel skelim namel long ol kantri i gat mining.

Hevi bilong skelim

Em samting we ol i no save toktok planti long en: ol namba bilong kapasiti we yu lukim long ol het tok planti taim i no wankain.

EIA i ripotim 'nameplate capacity-maksimum reit autput olsem kampani i makim. Tasol trupela opereting kapasiti i dipen long tempereja, stet bilong sas, bagarap, na grid kondisen. Wanpela 100 MW nemplet bateri inap long givim 85-95 MW aninit long ol kain kain kondisen.

Sampela kantri i save ripotim 'installed capacity' (wanem samting i stap), na sampela i save ripotim 'interconnected capacity' (wanem samting i stap tru long grid). Sampela i ripotim gutpela wok (ol i stretim long ol samting bilong wok). Ol samting we i soim olsem i no wankain inap long kamap bikpela.

Taim California i ripotim 5,000 MW bilong 'storage capacity' na Texas i ripotim 3,000 MW, ol dispela namba i no inap long wankain stret sapos ol i no kliagut long as bilong mining bilong en. Ol saveman i save rong long dispela.

Ol mining bilong kampani na mani

Ol benk, ol insurens kampani, na ol kredit reiting ejensi i bin kamapim ol mining bilong ol yet long stoa, planti taim ol i save bihainim long skelim ol hevi na i no long teknikel ekyuresi.

Ol pepa bilong fainensing i save tok klia long 'storage' long rot bilong ol 'performance guarantees' na ol 'degradation curves' na i no long kain teknoloji. Wanpela man i save givim dinau i save wari sapos bateri bai holim 80% kapasiti bihain long 10-pela yia-kemistri i bikpela samting tasol sapos em i afektim dispela garanti.

Ol ESG fremwok i wok long inkludim ol stoa aninit long ol klinpela eneji kategori, tasol wantaim kain kain tritmen. Sampela i ting ol grid-bateri i gat 'zero-emission. Ol narapela i nidim 'renewable charging' long kisim. Saiens Bes Taget inisiativ i gat rot bilong en yet.

Nogat wanpela bilong ol dispela koporet mining i stret wantaim ol mining bilong reguletori, we i kamapim ol gutpela samting taim wanpela projek i stap long "storage" bilong kisim mani tasol em i narapela samting bilong takis.

Ol nupela teknoloji, ol nupela mining

Ol definisenel fremwok we i stap pinis i kisim ol kategori we i no inap long stap laip taim ol i bungim ol dispela teknoloji. Ol reguleta bai senis. I no longtaim. Ating i no gutpela.

Orait dispela i min wanem?

Tripela gutpela samting bilong kisim:

Pastaim, taim yu lukim ol 'storage statistics', askim wanem mining ol i yusim. Nemplet vs. gutpela kapasiti? Pawa reiting na eneji reiting? Wanem samting i stap insait na wanem samting i no stap insait? Ol namba we i no gat mining bilong en i klostu long i no gat mining.

Namba tu, luksave olsem 'definitional variation' em i no paul tingting tasol-em i soim ol narapela narapela bikpela samting. Ol enjinia i laikim teknikel stretpela wok. Ol opereta bilong grid i laikim klia wok. Ol lain i wokim polisi i laikim ol kategori we ol i ken bosim. Ol fainensel institusen i laikim ol 'bankable criteria'. Ol dispela bikpela samting i no stret wantaim.

Namba tri, tingim olsem ol bai bruk bruk yet. Maket bilong putim ol samting i wok long gro hariap tumas na i no inap long stretim ol lo. California bai wok long mekim ol samting bilong California. FERC bai wok long givim ol oda we ol narapela ejensi i save tanim gut. Ol intanesenel rot bai senis moa yet.

Askim "wanem samting em i wanpela eneji stoa sistem?" i no gat wanpela bekim tasol. Dispela i givim bel hevi sapos yu laikim klia toktok. Tasol em i onest tu.