Wantaim bikpela -divelopmen na yutilisesen bilong ol nupela eneji sos, na ol bikpela askim long kain kain na reliabiliti bilong pawa, olgeta samting bilong pawa sistem, stat long prodaksen i go inap long konsumsen, i wok long senis. Ol teknoloji na sistem bilong putim pawa i brukim hevi bilong 'real-time pawa balens insait long ol tradisenel pawa sistem, na dispela i mekim pawa sistem i kamap gutpela moa. Dispela, long bekim, i save kirapim isi isi senis bilong pawa akiteksa, we pastaim i bin bosim ol fosil fiul, i go long wanpela we ol nupela eneji sos i bin bosim, na dispela proses i wok long go bikpela moa yet.
Taim yumi skelim wantaim ol narapela kainol teknoloji bilong putim pawa, ol bateri eneji stoa sistem (BESS) i gat kain kain kontrol mak na planti kain rot bilong bungim ol samting. Dispela i larim BESS long inapim ol nid bilong pawa sistem na ol manmeri long kain kain rot, na dispela i pulim planti luksave. Na tu, risets long BESS integresen teknoloji i save givim bikpela impak long divelopmen bilong BESS na i kamap wanpela bikpela teknoloji bilong bikpela-skel aplikesen na populesen bilong en.
Lukluk long maket bilong putim pawa
Folem ol namba we i no gutpela yet long Global Energy Storage Project Database bilong Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA), long pinis bilong 2019, namba bilong ol eneji storage projek long wol (inkludim pam hydro storage, battery energy storage, solten energy storage, wheelly eneji stoa, na ol narapela rot bilong putim pawa) i kamap long 184.6 GW, wanpela yia-long-yia inkris bilong 1.9%. Long dispela, 'pumped hydro storage' i gat bikpela 'cumulative installed capacity' long 171.0 GW, wanpela yia-long-yia inkris bilong 0.2%; bateri eneji stoa i bihainim klostu wantaim wanpela 'cumulative installed capacity' bilong 9520.5 MW; namel long ol kain kain teknoloji bilong putim pawa bilong bateri, ol bateri bilong 'lithium-ion i gat bikpela 'cumulative installed capacity' long 8454.2 MW, olsem piksa i soim.
Cumulative instolled capacity of global energy storage projects (in MW)
Long pinis bilong 2019, 'cumulative installed capacity' bilong ol eneji stoa projek bilong Saina i kamap long 32.4 GW, we i makim 17.6% bilong global maket, wanpela yia-long-inkris bilong 3.6%. Long dispela, 'pumped hydro storage' i gat bikpela 'cumulative installed capacity' long 30.3 GW, wanpela yia-long-yia inkris bilong 1.0%; bateri eneji stoa i stap long namba tu ples wantaim wanpela 'cumulative installed capacity' bilong 1709.6 MW, wanpela yia-long-yia inkris bilong 59.4%. Namel long ol kain kain 'battery energy storage' teknoloji, ol 'lithium-ion' bateri i gat bikpela 'cumulative installed capacity' long 1377.9 MW, olsem piksa i soim.
Cumulative instolled capacity of energy storage projects in China (Yunit: MW)
Maski ol rot bilong putim pawa, we ol i makim long 'pumped hydro storage', i stap yet long ol projek bilong putim pawa long wol, na i gat 92.6 pesen, ol namba wan invesmen kos bilong ol i antap, na i no gat planti rot bilong daunim kos long bihain taim, na ol i gat bikpela laik long ol ples we ol i stap long en. Bateri eneji stoa, olsem wanpela bikpela rot bilong pawa pawa stoa, i bin kamap hariap tru long ol laspela yia. BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) i gat ol teknikel gutpela samting olsem 'flexible application', liklik 'conversion losses', 'fast response speed', 'high regulation accuracy', na ol i no gat mak long ol samting bilong ples, na dispela i mekim ol i gutpela long wokim planti na bikpela-skel, planti-fil aplikesen. Na tu, pe bilong ol kain kain bateri eneji stoa sistem bai go daun moa yet long 50% i go inap 60%. Olsem na, bihainim Intanesenel Riniubel Eneji Ejensi (IRENA), global BESS skel bai go antap hariap tru i go long 175 GW long 2030. Folem fokas bilong CNESA, namel long 2020 na 2024, sais bilong Saina bateri eneji stoa maket bai go antap yet, wantaim wanpela kompaun annual groa bilong 5% inap long 5% antap long 15 GW i go long 24 GW long 2024.
Tasol, rijonal distribusen bilong ol bateri eneji stoa projek i no wankain tumas. Maski ol i bin kirapim ol nupela bateri eneji stoa projek long 49 kantri o rijen long wol long 2019, ol top ten kantri, we Saina, Amerika, Yunaitet Kingdom, Jemani, na Ostrelia i makim, i bin kisim 91.6% bilong olgeta global kapasiti ol i bin putim long 2019. Bateri eneji stoa projek long Saina na Yunaitet Stets i bin winim 50 MW kapasiti wantaim Saina, moa yet, i go antap long namba 5 ples long 2017 na namba tu ples long 2018 i go long namba wan ples long 2019. Saut Korea, we i bin stap namba tri long 2017 na namba wan long 2018, i lukim wanpela stagnasen long ol nupela bateri eneji stoa projek long 2019 bikos long ol sefti insiden.
Long 2019, ol top ten provins (autonomous rijen, munisipaliti) insait long Saina we i gat bikpela nupela bateri eneji stoa projek em Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hunan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Beijing, Anhui, Shanxi, Zhejiang, na Henan. Ol nupela kapasiti insait long dispela tenpela provins (ol otonomous rijen, ol munisipaliti) i bin kamapim 88.9% bilong olgeta nupela kapasiti bilong Saina long 2019.
Tenkyu long ol wok i kamap long sait bilong eneji stoa teknoloji na gutpela divelopmen bilong pawa maket long Amerika, bateri eneji stoa i kamap nambawan teknoloji bilong putim pawa long Amerika, na ol i save yusim long olgeta samting bilong pawa sistem, olsem jeneresen, transmisen, distribusen, na konsumsen, na dispela i kamapim wanpela klia teknoloji model na gutpela bisnis model.
2019 i bin kamap olsem yia bilong 'breakout' bilong eneji stoa indastri long Amerika, we olgeta instoled kapasiti bilong bateri eneji stoa i bin kamap long 1600 MW long dispela yia. Folem laspela data we ol i bin putim aut long "2019 Energy Storage Monitoring Yearbook" we Energy Storage Association (ESA) i bin putim aut, namba bilong ol nupela kapasiti bilong eneji stoa long Amerika long 2019 i bin kamap long 522.7 MW/1113 MWh, na long namba foa kwata tasol i bin kamap long 1864 MW/24 MWh. McKinsey & Company i tok olsem US bateri eneji storage kapasiti bai tripela taim moa long 2019 long 2020, moa long tupela taim long 2021, na bai kamap 7.3 GW long 2025; olgeta invesmen long US eneji stoa maket long 2019 em i $712 milien, na ol i ting em bai go antap long $2 bilien long 2020.
Bikos i gat ol narapela narapela pawa sistem na pawa diman insait long kantri na long ol narapela kantri, ol bikpela wok eria bilong bateri eneji stoa teknoloji tu i narapela narapela. Sapos yumi tingim ol 'lithium-ion' bateri eneji stoa sistem olsem eksampel, long wol, bikpela aplikesen em long sait bilong grid, olsem 'frequency regulation', 'peak shaving', na ol narapela sevis, we i kisim 52.7%, bihain long en em i sapotim 'renewable energy integration' long 28.9%, na ol aplikesen bilong ol 'distributed' na 'microgrid' long sait bilong ol yusa i gat 18%. Long Saina, sapotim rinewabel eneji integresen em i nambawan aplikesen, we i gat 37.7%, bihain long en i gat grid-sait na yusa-sait aplikesen long 25% na 25.3%, wanwan.
Maski groa reit long 2019 i bin isi liklik taim yumi skelim wantaim 126% groa reit bilong global eneji stoa maket long 2018, eneji stoa bai go het long holim strongpela groa trend taim ol bikpela kantri i wok long dipim eneji trensisen bilong ol na apim askim bilong ol long pawa sistem fleksibiliti. Em i kamap pinis olsem wanpela ki teknoloji bilong ol kantri long winim ol eneji stratejik gol bilong ol. Olsem na, long Jun 2020, namba bilong ol pawa stoa projek we i wok long wol i kamap 185.3 GW, na namba bilong pawa bilong Saina i kamap 32.7 GW. Long dispela, global kumuletiv instoled kapasiti bilong bateri eneji stoa i kamap long 10,112.3 MW, na i winim mak bilong 10 GW, we i makim wanpela yia-long-yia inkris bilong 36.1%, taim kumuletiv instoletiv kapasiti bilong Saina i kamap long 1,8313 MW, a01 MW. yia-long-yia inkris bilong 53.9%.