Ekonomiks bilong ol hausEV sasingdipen long ol samting we i save wok bung wantaim long ol rot we ol man i wokim ol samting i no save tok klia long en. Ol 'electricity rate' straksa, ol 'charging hardware efficiency losses', 'installation complexity', na 'vehicle{1}}specific charge acceptance rates olgeta i save kamapim ol kos tru we i no wankain long ol simpol "multiply your kWh by your rate" kalkulesen we i save bosim ol buk bilong ol manmeri. Dispela gaid i stretim ol dispela hevi wantaim ol data we ol i kisim long ol 'utility filings', 'DOE efficiency standards', na ol 'field measurements' long ol 'residential instolations' long ol kain kain klaimet zon.
Elektrikel Bil bilong yu i giaman long yu (olsem)
Mi bin lusim tupela mun long bihainim ol kos bilong sasim kar bilong mi pastaim long mi luksave olsem namba long yutiliti bil bilong mi i no gat mining long kliagut long pe bilong kar bilong mi.
Dispela em hevi. Planti ol residensiel kastoma long Amerika i save baim ol 'tiered rates'. Namba wan 500 kWh bilong yu i ken kostim $0.08. Neks 500 i kost $0.12. Olgeta samting antap long 1,000 kWh i save ron long $0.18 o moa. Olsem na taim wanpela i askim "wanem pawa reit bilong yu?" stretpela bekim em "i dipen long sapos meri bilong mi i bin ranim AC aste."
Sapos yu putim wanpela EV long wanpela hauslain we i stap pinis long namba tu o namba tri lain, dispela i min olsem olgeta wan wan kWh yu putim insait long dispela kar i kam long yuarereretim-hae wan we yu stap pem. Wanpela wanwok bilong em long San Diego i painimaut olsem "jip" 'home charging' bilong em i kostim $0.42/kWh bikos namba wan lain bilong SDG&E i nogut tru na 'pool pump' bilong em i subim em i go pinis.
Taim-bilong-yusim (TOU) plen i senisim dispela kalkulas olgeta. Aninit long TOU, yu baim ol narapela narapela reit bihainim wanem taim yu yusim pawa. Ol bikpela pe (planti taim 4-9 PM) inap long kamap long $0.35-0.55/kWh long California. Taim ol manmeri i no wok planti (planti taim 11 klok apinun i go inap 6 klok moning) i save go daun long $0.08-0.15. Sans bilong 'arbitrage' em i klia tru: sasim long nait, baim wanpela hap bilong pe bilong sasim long san.
Tasol-na nogat wanpela man i tok dispela-switsim i go long TOU i save bagarapimolgeta hauslain. Dispela planti klos long 5 klok apinun? Nau em i dia tumas tripela taim. Masin bilong wasim ol plet bihain long kaikai? Wankain. Mi bin lukim ol famili i senisim i go long TOU long EV bilong ol na ol i pinis long baimmoaolgeta bikos ol i no stretim ol narapela pasin bilong ol.
Dispela samting i wok gut: kisim wanpela seperet mita bilong sasim EV sapos yutiliti bilong yu i gat dispela mita. EV-B reit bilong PG&E, olsem eksampel, i save givim wanpela mita we i stap wankain long $0.22/kWh reit maski wanem taim. Nogat ol pilai, nogat senis long sediul bilong wasim klos, nogat ol saprais. Instolesen i save ran long $200-400 long rot bilong yutiliti. Mas mekim.
Dispela 15% Nogat Man i Toktok Long en
Displei bilong kar bilong yu i tok yu putim 50 kWh. Elektrik mita bilong yu i rekodim 58 kWh. Ol narapela 8 kWh i go we?
Ol lus bilong sasim. Ol i tru, ol i no inap abrusim, na ol i bikpela moa long planti manmeri i ting.
Fisiks: AC pawa bilong wol bilong yu i mas senis i go long DC long sasim bateri. Dispela senis i save kamapim hat. Bateri yet i save kamapim hat taim em i kisim sas. Sistem bilong menesim hat bilong kar i save ranim ol fan na pam long menesim dispela hat. Olgeta dispela i save yusim pawa we i no save kamap long bateri bilong yu.
Tes bilong Idaho Nesenel Leboretori i painim olsem Level 2 'charging efficiency' i stap namel long 85-94%, na dispela i dipen long temperaja bilong ples. Kol weta em i bikpela samting tru-long 20 digri F, ol lus inap winim 20% bikos kar i mas hatim bateri long kisim gutpela sas. Mi lainim dispela long hatpela rot long mun Februeri long Minnesota taim "ful sas" bilong mi long nait em i bin 85% tasol bikos kar i bin lusim wanpela aua long hatim paket pastaim long em i kisim karent.
Ol kar bilong Tesla i save wok gut moa (90-94%) bikos ol i gat gutpela 'thermal management'. Olpela Nissan Leafs wantaim 'passive cooling' i save stap long daunbilo. Planti ol EV bilong nau i save stap klostu long 88-90% long ol ples we i no hat tumas.
Wanem mining bilong dispela long paus mani bilong yu: sapos pawa i kost $0.12/kWh na wok bilong kar bilong yu i 88%, yui wok gutpe bilong en em $0.136/kWh. Long wanpela 75 kWh bateri, dispela em i ekstra $1.20 long olgeta ful sasim. Insait long wanpela yia bilong sasim oltaim, mipela i toktok long $150-200 long ol lus we mipela i no inap lukim. I no bikpela bagarap, tasol i no samting nating.
Ol trupela namba i kam long ol trupela draiva
Mi bin sevim 47 ona bilong EV insait long lokol ona klap bilong mi. Dispela em samting ol i wok long baim:
Sasing long haus (off-peak TOU):$0.03-0.05 long wan wan mail. Low end em i wanpela Model 3 ona long Nevada wantaim gutpela NV Energy reit. Ol bikpela samting em i save kamap long ol yutiliti bilong California.
Sasim long haus (flet reit):$0.04-0.08 long wan wan mail. Ol stet long Midwest wantaim pawa we i no gat bikpela pe i save bosim ol lain we i no gat bikpela pe. Ol not-is korido wantaim olpela grid infrastraksa bilong ol i subim ol bikpela samting.
Wokples sasing:$0.00-0.04 long wanwan mail. Yes, fri wokples sasing i stap. Em i wok long kamap liklik taim ol kampani i luksave long ol kos bilong pawa, tasol ol 'tech campus' na sampela emploiya i gat gutpela tingting i save givim yet.
Pablik DC hariap sasim:$0.12-0.25 long wan wan mail. Dispela em i hap we em i save kamap dia tumas. Electrify America i save sasim $0.43/kWh long planti maket. Wanpela raun long rot inap long kostim moa long wanpela mail winim wanpela 'hybrid'.
Wanpela samting we i mekim mi kirap nogut: wanpela papa bilong stua i save sasim tasol long ol fri ChargePoint stesin long stua bilong em. Em i save taimim ol raun bilong em long baim ol samting long taim bilong sasim, na em i save kisim 15-20 mail long wanpela raun, na em i tok em i no bin baim pawa bilong ka bilong em inap 8-pela mun. Dispela em i komitmen long lukautim gut mani we mi no inap winim.
Kost bilong Instolesen: Wea Matematik i kamap nogut
Saja yet em i no gat bikpela pe. Wanpela strongpela 40-amp Level 2 yunit i save ron long $400-600. Instolesen? Long dispela hap ol samting i save kamap hat.
Mi bin toktok wantaim foapela lektriken pastaim long mi painim wanpela husat i no laik sasim mi $1,800 long wanpela "standet" instolesen. Win bid i kam insait long $650, long wanpela man husat i bin putim 200+ EV saja na i save gut long wanem samting em i wok long mekim. Ol 'bid' we i lus i kam long ol 'general electrician' husat i klia olsem ol i no klia tumas.
Ol samting we i save makim pe:
- Panel kapasiti.Dispela em i bikpela wanpela. Wanpela 100-amp panel we i ranim pinis sentral AC, wanpela lektrik draia, na sampela arapela 240V lod ating i no gat spes bilong wanpela 40-amp EV seket. Ol apgret bilong panel i go long 200 amps i save kostim $2,000-4,500 bihainim ol samting yutiliti bilong yu i laikim na ol wokmanmeri bilong yu. Mi bin harim ol stori nogut bilong $6,000+ long olpela haus we olgeta dua bilong sevis i mas senis.
- Distens long panel i go long saja.Olgeta fut bilong waia i save putim pe. Long 25-fut ran bilong mi i kostim samting olsem $150 long ol samting bilong wokim. Wanpela 100-fut ran i go long wanpela garas we i stap wanpis? Tripela taim moa, na tu wok bilong wokim baret o ranim 'conduit'.
- Ol samting yu mas mekim long kisim pemit.Sampela kantri i nidim pemit na sekim bilong ol nupela 240V seket. Ol narapela nogat. Pemit yet i save stap olsem $50-150, tasol sediul bilong inspeksen i ken skruim sampela wik long taimlain bilong yu.
- Ol infrastraksa we i stap pinis.Yu gat wanpela 240V autlet klostu long ples bilong putim kar bilong yu pinis-ating bilong wanpela welda o olpela hot tub? Yu ken putim wanpela 'portable EVSE' na lusim 'hardwired install' olgeta. Mi save long wanpela man i ranim wanpela Tesla Mobail Konekta long wanpela draia autlet we ol i yusim gen. Em i wok gut.
Wanpela narakain trik we i sevim neiba bilong mi long $800: em yet i putim 'charger' (em i putim wanpela bokis na konektim tripela waia) na larim lektrikien i mekim wok bilong panel na ranim kebol tasol. Ol 'electrician' i save sasim bikpela mani long "ful install" maski long hangamapim EVSE i save kisim 10-pela minit.
Taim bilong bekim bek: Kalkulesen we olgeta i rong
Mi bin lukim ol lain i sapotim EV i tok olsem wanpela 'home charger' i save baim em yet insait long 6-pela mun. Mi bin lukim ol manmeri i gat tupela tingting i tok olsem "i no gat as bilong en long sait bilong mani." Tupela i mekim rong matematiks.
Stretpela skelim em i no "sasim long haus na bensin." Em i "sasim long haus na wanem samting yu bai mekim sapos nogat." Sapos yu laik sasim long ol fri saja long wok ples, wanpela saja long haus em i gutpela pe tasol. Sapos yu yusim $0.43/kWh Electrify America stesin, wanpela 'home charger' i save bekim kwiktaim.
Kalkulesen bilong mi yet, long wanem, ol manmeri i save askim oltaim:
Kos bilong saja: $500 (Grizzl-E, i gat waia)
Putim: $650 (mi kisim gutpela kwot)
Olgeta invesmen: $1,150
Draiv long wanwan yia: ~12,000 mail. Gutpela wok bilong kar: 3.5 mail/kWh. Em 3,430 kWh/yia.
Pe bilong sasim haus: $0.11/kWh × 3,430=$377/yia
Narapela rot bilong sasim pablik: $0.35/kWh × 3,430=$1,200/yia
Sevings bilong wanwan yia: $823. Pebek: 1.4 yia.
Nau skelim wantaim bensin. Olpela kar bilong mi i gat 32 mpg. Long $3.50/gallon, 12,000 mail i kostim $1,312. EV long haus em i kostim $377. Em i $935/yia long sevim bensin-tasol "peim bek" freim i kamap narakain bikos yu skelim ol kar yu baim, na i no ol rot bilong sasim tasol.
Gutpela bekim: sapos yu draiv inap longpela taim na yu gat gutpela pe bilong pawa, 'home charging' i gutpela tru long sait bilong mani taim yu skelim wantaim ol narapela rot. Sapos yu draiv 5,000 mail long wanpela yia na yu gat sans long kisim fri sasing long ol narapela hap, wanpela 'home setup' bai i no inap long bekim.
Senis bilong sisen na ol narapela hevi
Nogat wanpela i toksave long mi olsem pawa bil bilong mi long taim bilong kol bai go antap long 40% maski mi ron long wankain mail.
Tripela samting i save bung wantaim long taim bilong kol. Namba wan, bateri i go daun-lithium-ion kemistri i no wok gut aninit long 40 digri F. Summer efficiency bilong mi long 4.0 mi/kWh i kamap 2.8 mi/kWh long Janueri. Namba tu, 'cabin heating' insait long wanpela EV em i wanpela lektrikel lod, i no westim hat bilong ensin. Sapos yu ranim hita long ful blast dispela inap long katim 'range' long 25-35%. Namba tri, ol lus bilong sasim i go antap bikos kar i mas hatim bateri pastaim long em i kisim sasim.
Ol namba long praktis: pe bilong pawa bilong kar bilong mi long mun Ogas em i olsem $28. Janueri em i $52. Wankain wokabaut, wankain stail bilong draivim ka, wankain kar. Fisiks tasol i wok egensim mi.
Taim bilong san i gat hevi bilong en long ol ples we i hat. AC lod i no strong tumas olsem 'heating', tasol em i no fri. Na sapos yu putim kar long san stret, 'battery thermal management' i wok maski kar i sindaun, isi isi i pinisim pawa bilong kar (na bai kostim yu mani na yu mas senisim).
Prekondisen i helpim. Planti EV i save larim yu long hatim o kolim kar taim yu putim pawa yet, olsem na pawa i kam long grid na i no long bateri. Dispela i lukautim 'range' bilong draivim ka. Mi bin kisim pasin bilong kirapim dispela long ap 15 minit pastaim long mi lusim ples long ol kol moning.
Wanem samting mi bai tokim wanpela pren
Wanpela man long wok i baim wanpela Hyundai Ioniq 6 na askim mi long givim edvais long sasim. Dispela em samting mi bin tok:
Noken hariap long putim 'home charger'. Stap wantaim 120V trickle charger inap wanpela mun. Lukim hau ol pasin bilong yu long draivim ka i wok. Yu ken painim olsem Level 1 sasim long nait em inap long yu-planti manmeri i save draiv 30-40 mail long olgeta de i save mekim gut long en, na yu sevim $1,000+.
Sapos yu nidim Level 2, kisim tripela kwot minimam. Difrens long prais bilong ol kontrakta bilong pawa em i no gat as bilong en. Askim tu long yutiliti bilong yu long ol ribet-planti i save givim $500-1,000 long EVSE instolesen we ol manmeri i save lusim long tebol bikos ol i no save long askim.
Lukluk long ol opsen bilong pawa reit bilong yubipoyu stat long sasim oltaim. Difrens namel long wanpela standet residensiel reit na wanpela EV-optimized TOU reit em inap long $50/mun. Tasol yu mas askim pastaim long senisim reit-ol yutiliti bai no inap senisim yu otomatik.
Noken yusim 'WiFi-' enabled charger' sapos yu no nidim 'scheduled charger' bilong TOU reit. Ol "smat" samting em planti bilong ol em ol 'gimmick'. Wanpela $400 dumb charger bilong Grizzl-E o Lectron bai sevim yu na tu wanpela $800 konekted yunit long planti yus kes.
Na laspela: noken tingting planti long mekim gutpela wok long olgeta laspela mani. Yes, sapos yu sasim long 11 klok nait na i no long 8 klok nait, dispela i save sevim mani long TOU reit. Tasol sapos yu lusim tingting wan wan taim na sasim long taim bilong bikpela mani, yu no inap go bankrap. Olgeta samting bilong sasim EV i gutpela tru taim yumi skelim wantaim bensin na i no gat wok long mekim olgeta samting i kamap gutpela olgeta. Sasim taim em i gutpela. Sampela taim yu mas baim liklik moa. Em orait.
As tingting, bikos mi save olsem dispela em samting yu wok long skrolim:planti ol papa bilong EV we i gat 'home charger' i save baim $0.03-0.06 long wan wan mail long pawa. Em i wanpela hap bilong tripela hap o wanpela hap bilong pe bilong bensin. Instolesen na ol ikwipmen i save kostim $800-2,500 bihainim wanem kain pawa i stap long yu. Pebek i save kisim 1-3 yia long ol draiva. Bihain long dispela, yu wok long sevim mani long olgeta wan wan mail.
Matematik i wok. Em i no klostu tru, tru tumas. Hevi i stap long ol ditel-wanem reit plen, wanem saja, wanem instala-tasol ol as tingting bilong ekonomiks i laikim hom EV sasim long bikpela mak bilong husat manmeri i draivim moa long 8,000 mail long wanwan yia.
Em i no gat bikpela pe olsem sampela lain i tok? Nogat, taim yu tingim ol lus bilong 'efficiency' na ol 'realistic rate structures'. Em i dia moa long wanem ol man i no bilip long en i tok? Na tu nogat. Tok tru em i liklik tru: em i no gat bikpela pe tumas olsem bensin, na em i no gat bikpela pe tumas olsem pablik sasing, na invesmen bilong pastaim em i gutpela. Dispela em i no wanpela gutpela tingting, tasol em i stretpela tingting.